Shura: After ISIS conquered villages in northern Iraq, it spelled out in minute detail the rules of its self-proclaimed caliphate, from beard length to alms to guidelines for taking women as sex slaves.
ISIS documents and posters, obtained in villages captured by Iraqi forces, highlight a tight and comprehensive system of rule by the terrorists, who went to great lengths to explain their extremist philosophy.
The documents and other materials, printed with ISIS logos, were found by Reuters in offices used by the group until a few days ago.
Members of the Iraqi forces told Reuters the documents originated from ISIS, although this could not be independently verified.
Iraqi security forces and Kurdish peshmerga fighters have seized several villages and towns during an offensive against the northern city of Mosul, ISIS's last stronghold in the country.
When ISIS swept through the north in 2014, it announced a self-proclaimed caliphate, which appealed to some fellow Sunnis who felt marginalised by the Shi'ite-led central government.
But that appeal faded as ISIS enforced its medieval thinking with brute force, beheading anyone deemed an opponent.
Slick, colourful posters, pamphlets and documents highlight ISIS's intense focus on dictating what it called proper Islamic behaviour for the citizens of its caliphate.
Violations of its rules meant punishment such as public whipping or being hauled off to Mosul for execution, according to several villagers who recently escaped from ISIS areas.
A green wallet-size insert lays out guidelines for how to pray properly. It shows a young boy undertaking ablutions. "Wash your feet from the direction of your toes down to your heels," it said.
Gold bracelets
A five-page pamphlet with pictures of gold bracelets, diamond rings and wheat on the front spelled out instructions on how to give alms, an obligation under Islam. Failure to do so would mean a penalty.
In the village of Shura, where seven ISIS suicide bombers were recently shot dead as they rushed towards Iraqi forces, terrorists kept meticulous records of who had given alms. Entries showed whether an individual owned gold, property or a car. Monthly salaries were also noted.
Unlike al Qaeda, its predecessor in Iraq, ISIS made its name in the jihadi world by becoming the first terrorists group to capture significant amounts of land in the Middle East, hold it and then set up an administration.
But air strikes by a US-led coalition targeting ISIS's leaders and its sources of income have dealt a major blow to the caliphate.
ISIS's inclination to codify its system of rule extended to what it called the spoils of war. A pink and red pamphlet includes 32 questions and answers on how to deal with female captives.
A senior ISIS cleric has the authority to distribute female captives among its fighters, it said.
"Non-Muslim women can be taken as concubines," according to the leaflet.
Terrorists can own two sisters as concubines but only have sex with one.
"Pre-pubescent girls can be taken as concubines. You cannot have penetrative sex but you can still enjoy them," the leaflet added.
One question in the pamphlet asks whether a group of terrorists can share a concubine. The answer: only a single owner can sleep with a concubine.
After blazing through northern Iraq, ISIS took hundreds of women from the Yazidi minority as sex slaves.
Under ISIS's rules, women were required to largely stay at home or wear head-to-toe black coverings if they ventured out. Men wore short pants which were deemed Islamic along with beards of appropriate length.
One of the pamphlets begins by defining a beard as "hair that grows on your face and your cheeks".
There were few forms of entertainment under ISIS, which banned the internet and music along with cell phones.
A ban on satellite dishes deprived Iraqis of news of the outside world. In a huge slick poster, entitled "Why I Should Destroy My Dish", the jihadists provided 20 reasons, revolving mostly around the immorality of satellite television programmes.
Reason 8: "Because satellite channels show stories of love and naked women and inappropriate language."
Reason 10: "Because satellite channels normalise men being effeminate and sissies."
