Scientists have developed a novel software that enables smartwatches, currently worn by one in six people around the world, to verify handwritten signatures.
"A popular device worn by so many people should feature additional, critically useful functions," said Erez Shmueli from Tel Aviv University (TAU) in Israel, adding that 373 million of these devices will be in use by 2020.
"Considering how dependent we are on signatures, we decided to develop software that would verify the smartwatch device wearer's handwritten signature," said Shmueli.
Signing on a digital pad or using a special electronic pen has replaced pen and paper in many instances, but these alternatives often require cumbersome dedicated devices. The software developed by Shmueli in collaboration with Yuval Elovici from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and colleagues, would turn any generic smartwatch into an expert signature verifier.
The novel technology utilises motion data - a person's wrist movements measured by an accelerometer or a gyroscope - to uniquely identify them during the signing process and subsequently classify the signature as either genuine or forged.
"Using a wrist-worn device such as a smartwatch or a fitness tracker bears obvious advantages over other wearable devices, since it measures the gestures of the entire wrist rather than a single finger or an arm," said Shmueli.
"While several other recent studies have examined the option of using motion data to identify users, this is its first application to verify handwritten signatures - still a requirement at the bank, the post office, your human resources department, etc," Shmueli added.
The team tested its system on 66 TAU undergraduates. The students, all wearing smartwatches, were asked to provide 15 signature samples on a tablet, using the tablet's digital pen. The students were then shown video recordings of people signing during the first phase, and were asked to forge five of those signatures. The students were given ample time to practice and were compensated for "exceptional forgeries." The smartwatch, equipped with the new verification software, was able to detect forgery with an extremely high level of accuracy.
"Next we plan to compare our approach with existing state-of-the-art methods for offline and online signature verification," said Shmueli.
"We would also like to investigate the option of combining data extracted from the wearable device with data collected from a tablet device to achieve even higher verification accuracy," said Shmueli.
The researchers have applied for a patent in an initial step towards commercialising their system.
