How do ballpoint pens work
The ballpoint pen was discovered to eliminate the irritation related to Fountain pens.

The pen is perhaps one of the most momentous discoveries ever. While there is no concrete evidence on when the first pen was discovered, history books point out that the first ever pen was a dip pen or a nib pen.
The ink brush, quill, and finally the reed pen arrived shortly after. However, these pens, which were once used by legendary writers, are not common writing instruments anymore; it might still be used by some calligraphers and artists though.
Well, these were the first lot of pens but after going through a constant process of evolution, today we have pens that are far more efficient and easy to use. Out of all the existing pens, the most used one is the ballpoint pen.
The ballpoint pen was discovered to eliminate the irritation related to Fountain pens. Filling the barrel of a Fountain pen with ink was definitely a hassle and also people had to wait for the ink to dry on the paper after writing.
Now that you know the reason behind the inception of ballpoint pens, its time to discuss the core mechanism behind them.
A ballpoint pen has a tiny steel ball on its tip which applies quick drying ink in a ready-made cartridge and when these cartridges inside the retractable pens exhausts, you can simply replace them with another one available easily at your nearest stationery.
Moving on, here are three videos (one slow motion video) that will completely explain how ballpoint pens work: