Houston: Memory training with unpredictable and random components could be more effective in enhancing episodic memory which helps us accurately retell stories, researchers including one of Indian-origin have found.
The finding could lead to better cognitive training for those at risk of dementia, researchers said. Episodic memories are those associated with autobiographical events, such as a past birthday party or first trip to an amusement park.
This type of memory is crucial to our ability to accurately retell stories,
researchers said. Chandramallika Basak and Margaret O'Connell from the
University of Texas in US tested episodic memory in 46 adults between the ages of 60 and 86 at three different stages - before memory training, immediately after training and one and a half months after completing the training.
Participants were separated into two groups - predictable training or unpredictable training - and did not differ in terms of education or cognitive abilities. For both groups, sequences of digits in different colours were presented.
Participants were asked to indicate when the colour of the current digit matched an earlier one of the same colour. In training that involved a predictable element, the changing colours occurred in a fixed order, whereas the colour switching was random in the training that involved unpredictability.
"Completing the task when the colour changes occur unpredictably requires more cognitive resources, or control," said Basak. She compared the effect to what happens when you take a new, previously uncharted way home from work.
The cognitive demands required to navigate new landmarks that are part of
the journey increase with the new route's unpredictability. The two groups of participants demonstrated equivalent story recall before training, but the group given training with the unpredictable element was able to narrate a previously heard story more accurately than the other group.
That benefit, however, appeared to fade when the same group was tested a month and a half later, researchers said. "Training-related improvements from our novel approach dissipated when performance was tested awhile after completion of the training," said Basak.
"Studies such as this one shed light on the role of cognitive control in memory training," she said. "They also highlight the differences in training-related performance gains between people, and could help researchers and clinicians develop better cognitive training strategies for older adults who are at risk for dementia," Basak added.
Working memory involves the ability to keep information in the focus of attention and to manipulate or reorder it despite distractions - the sort of mental juggling required in everyday life, she said.
"When you have multiple items to remember, you need to focus your attention on what is most relevant and up-to-date, setting aside what may be distracting," Basak added. The findings were published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology.
