New York: Certain types of bacteria in the gut can leverage the immune system to decrease the severity of stroke, according to a new study that suggests modifying the gut's microbiotic makeup may help prevent the deadly condition.
The finding can help mitigate stroke, the second leading cause of death worldwide, researchers said. For the study, researchers from Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre in US, gave mice a combination of antibiotics.
Two weeks later, they induced the most common type of stroke, called ischemic stroke, in which an obstructed blood vessel prevents blood from reaching the brain. Mice treated with antibiotics experienced a stroke that was about 60 per cent smaller than rodents that did not receive the medication.
The microbial environment in the gut directed the immune cells there to protect the brain, the researchers said, shielding it from the stroke's full force. "Our experiment shows a new relationship between the brain and the intestine," said Josef Anrather, an associate professor at Weill Cornell Medicine. "The intestinal microbiota shape stroke outcome, which will impact how the medical community views stroke and defines stroke risk," Anrather said.
The findings suggest that modifying the microbiotic makeup of the gut can become an innovative method to prevent stroke, researchers said. This could be especially useful to high-risk patients, like those undergoing cardiac surgery or those who have multiple obstructed blood vessels in the brain.
Further investigation is needed to understand exactly which bacterial components elicited their protective message. However, the researchers do know that the bacteria did not interact with the brain chemically, but rather influenced neural survival by modifying the behaviour of immune cells. Immune cells from the gut made their way to the outer coverings of the brain, called the meninges, where they organised and directed a response to the stroke.
"One of the most surprising findings was that the immune system made strokes smaller by orchestrating the response from outside the brain, like a conductor who does not play an instrument himself but instructs the others, which ultimately
creates music," said Costantino Iadecola, from Weill Cornell Medicine.
The newfound connection between the gut and the brain holds promising implications for preventing stroke in the future, which the researchers said might be achieved by changing dietary habits in patients or "at risk" individuals. "Dietary intervention is much easier to accomplish than drug use, and it could reach a broad base," Anrather said. The study was published in the journal Nature Medicine.
