Washington: It has been found in research that 50 million people worldwide are living with Alzheimer’s disease and other symptoms related to memory loss.
According to the Alzheimer’s Association, the disease is more communicable in the USA wherein 65 seconds a person develops this disease. This disease results in memory loss, changes in thinking and behaviour.
The study was published in the journal ‘Neurobiology of Disease’. Locally, Alzheimer's disease affects 11.5 per cent of Medicare beneficiaries in Palm Beach County and 12.7 per cent of Medicare beneficiaries in Broward County (a nearly 18 per cent increase over the national average).
According to the Alzheimer's Association, Florida is number one in per capita cases of Alzheimer's disease in the US. It has been more than 100 years since Alois Alzheimer a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist, first reported the presence of senile plaques in the brain of an Alzheimer disease patient.
It led to the discovery of amyloid precursor protein that produces deposits of amyloid fragments in the brain which is the suspected culprit of Alzheimer's disease. Since then, the amyloid precursor protein has been extensively studied because of its association with Alzheimer's disease.
A team of neuroscientists sought to answer a fundamental question in their quest to combat Alzheimer's disease, "Is amyloid precursor protein the mastermind behind Alzheimer's disease or is it just a conspirator?"
Mutations found in amyloid precursor protein have been linked to rare cases of familial Alzheimer's disease. Although scientists have researched a lot to find about how this protein turns into amyloid plaques, little is known about its native function in neurons. In the case of more common occasional Alzheimer's disease, the highest genetic risk factor is a protein that is involved in cholesterol transportation and not this amyloid precursor protein.
In the study, the researchers tackle this Alzheimer's disease mystery by devising a multi-functional reporter for amyloid precursor protein and tracking the protein's localisation and mobility using quantitative imaging with unprecedented accuracy.
For the study, the researchers and collaborators from other institutes genetically disrupted the interaction between cholesterol and amyloid precursor protein. Surprisingly, by removing the two, they discovered that this manipulation not only distorts the trafficking of amyloid precursor protein but also messes up cholesterol distribution at the neuronal surface.
"Our study is intriguing because we noticed a peculiar association between amyloid precursor protein and cholesterol that resides in the cell membrane of synapses, which are points of contact among neurons and the biological basis for learning and memory," said one of the key researchers of the study.
Adding, he said, "Amyloid precursor protein may just be one of the many accomplices partially contributing to cholesterol deficiency. Strangely, the heart and brain seem to meet again in the fight against bad cholesterol."
The researchers who found out about the involvement of cholesterol in almost all aspects of neurons' have proposed a new theory about the amyloid precursor protein connection in Alzheimer's disease.
