Washington: Scientists have found that a compound developed as a cholesterol-fighting molecule not only halts the progression of prostate cancer, but can also kill cancerous cells.
Standard treatment for prostate cancer can include chemotherapy that targets receptors on cancer cells, researchers said. However, drug-resistant cancer cells can emerge during chemotherapy, limiting its effectiveness as a cancer-fighting
agent, they said.
"Cholesterol is a molecule found in animal cells that serves as a structural component of cell membranes. When tumour cells grow, they synthesise more cholesterol," said Salman Hyder, professor at University of Missouri in the US.
"Often, cancer patients are treated with toxic chemotherapies. We focused on reducing the production of cholesterol in cancer cells, which could kill cancer cells and reduce the need for toxic chemotherapy," Hyder said.
Currently, treatment for primary prostate cancer includes systemic exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs that target androgen receptors located in the cancer cells, which normally bind with hormones such as testosterone. Anti-hormone therapies, or chemical castration, also may be used in the fight against prostate cancer.
"Although tumour cells may initially respond to these therapies, most eventually develop resistance that causes prostate cancer cells to grow and spread," Hyder said. "Cholesterol also can contribute to the development of anti-hormone resistance because cholesterol is converted into hormones in tumour cells; therefore, these cholesterol-forming pathways are attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of prostate cancer," he said.
Using a compound used for the treatment of high cholesterol called RO 48-8071, researchers administered the molecule to human prostate cancer cells. They found that the compound was effective in reducing human prostate cancer cell growth. Subsequent studies also found that the compound caused cancer cell death.
Armed with this information, researchers then tested the results in mice with human prostate cancer cells. Following injection of the compound, Hyder found that the molecule was effective in reducing tumour growth. The findings suggest that the potential cholesterol drug, when used in combination with commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs, could represent a new therapeutic approach in the fight against prostate cancer, Hyder said.
