Beijing: China's growth slipped to its slowest rate in more than a quarter of a century in 2016, an AFP survey has forecast, as analysts see mounting risks for the world's number two economy with Donald Trump heading for the White House.
While the Asian giant is a key engine of the global economy, affecting businesses and employment across the planet, its leaders are trying to shift from reliance on exports and infrastructure investment as a growth driver to consumer spending.
But the transition has proved bumpy, with the crucial manufacturing sector struggling in the face of sagging global demand for the nation's products and excess industrial capacity left over from an infrastructure boom.
Added to that is a volatile yuan, large-scale capital flight and a mounting concerns about a rapid surge in debt levels after Beijing flooded the market with credit to maintain growth in the face of a sluggish global economy.
And now Beijing has another headache with Trump threatening massive tariffs on Chinese goods over what he sees as unfair trade practices and calling it a currency manipulator.
The economy expanded 6.7 per cent last year, according to the median projection in an AFP survey of 23 economists. That compares with 6.9 per cent in 2015 and is the weakest since 1990, a year after the bloody Tiananmen Square crackdown isolated the country internationally.
The forecast is within the government's target of 6.5-7.0 per cent. Official figures are released Friday.
"For China's economy to transform from investment-led to consumption-led without relying too much on credit, a slowdown is necessary," said Claire Huang of Societe Generale.
While there are concerns growth will slow further, Chinese President Xi Jinping is looking to claim the mantle of global economic leadership many expect an increasingly protectionist Trump to give up.
On Tuesday Xi pushed the cause of globalisation during his debut at the World Economic Forum in Davos, warning protectionism was akin to "locking oneself in a dark room".
While the median projection for 2017 in AFP's survey came in at 6.5 per cent, two of those questioned warned it could drop as low as 6.0 per cent.
Reforms still needed
A cooling real-estate sector will be "the largest drag", Brian Jackson of IHS told AFP, noting expectations of a "fairly painful" cyclical downturn in the housing market.
China last month ended a major annual economic meeting with promises to liberalise investment in state-owned sectors, control real estate speculation and improve the "flexibility" of the yuan. But Societe Generale's Huang warned further slowing could test Beijing's commitment to reform.
"If the government chooses to stimulate the economy with its old tricks, then its determination on reform is not so strong," said Huang.
To stabilise the economy, authorities used ample credit and infrastructure spending in 2016, and Citi Chief China Economist Liu Ligang said investors have been surprised by authorities' ability to calm jitters on financial markets, which were pounded last year by worries over the outlook.
But he added that further reforms are still needed and the debt-fuelled growth could lead to problems down the line.
The weaker yuan boosted exports in the second half of last year, but soft December data added to worries about possible battles with Trump.
His pick of China critic Peter Navarro to head the White House National Trade Council has also alarmed Beijing. Navarro's book "Death by China" accuses the country of waging economic war by subsidising its manufacturing industry and blocking American imports.
Trade policy under Trump is likely to motivate US businesses to move factories out of China, and American companies such as Seagate have announced layoffs in the country, raising concerns reshoring may have already begun.
"The international trend isn't very optimistic," Li Ruoyu of the State Information Centre of China told AFP.
But some observers see potential unintended benefits for China in some of Trump's proposed domestic policies.
According to CICC analysts, if Trump's tax cuts and infrastructure spending is implemented "the 'Trump Stimulus' may exert a positive spill-over effect to growth and inflation in China as well, given China's profound participation and dominant role in the global manufacturing supply chain".
