Explainer: Understanding the Special Intensive Revision of Electoral Rolls in Bihar Before Polls

What is Special Intensive Revision (SIR)?

Unlike routine revisions, the SIR is a comprehensive process that involves collecting fresh documentation from all voters, especially those enrolled after 2003. It verifies each voter's citizenship and residence, removes deceased, duplicate, or ineligible voters, and updates voter information accordingly. The process began on June 25, 2025, with distribution of enumeration forms and is expected to conclude with the publication of the final electoral roll by September 30, 2025.

Key Updates and Findings

• As of July 2025, over 7.23 crore voter forms have been digitized, covering nearly 99.8% of the electorate.

• The revision has identified around 22 lakh deceased voters and 7 lakh duplicate entries, which are proposed for deletion.

• However, about 20 lakh eligible first-time voters are reportedly missing from the draft rolls, raising concerns over potential disenfranchisement.

No Deletion Without Notice: ECI's Assurance

The Election Commission has assured the Supreme Court that no voter's name will be deleted from the draft rolls without prior notice, an opportunity to be heard, and a reasoned order. This reassurance aims to protect voter rights and maintain transparency throughout the revision process.

Legal and Political Concerns

The SIR has faced criticism, particularly from opposition parties like Congress, who allege that the exercise’s timing and intent may influence election outcomes by excluding eligible voters. The ECI requires voters to provide documentary proof of date and place of birth, though there are debates over what documents are acceptable.

Public Response

Many voters, especially in rural areas, are confused about the new requirements and fear losing their voting rights. Opposition parties have organised protests demanding a rollback of the SIR, citing worries of mass exclusion and electoral manipulation.

What Can Voters Do?

• File claims and objections if they believe their names have been wrongly excluded.

• Submit all required documents, such as proof of birth and residence.

• Stay updated via official sources like the Chief Electoral Officer of Bihar’s website.

The Special Intensive Revision in Bihar is a significant effort to cleanse and update electoral rolls before the upcoming elections. While aimed at ensuring accuracy, it also highlights challenges around voter inclusion and documentation. Active participation and vigilance from voters are crucial to safeguarding their electoral rights.