New Delhi: Pushing gender equality can deliver a sizeable additional economic growth and could add Rs 46 lakh crore (USD 700 billion) to India's GDP in 2025, a McKinsey report says. According to the new report by McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) titled The Power of Parity: Advancing Women's Equality in India', bridging the gender gap will have a huge economic impact and the boost could translate into 1.4 per cent per year incremental GDP growth for India.
"Advancing gender equality can deliver sizeable additional economic growth and broad-based prosperity to the world -- nowhere more so than in India," the report said, adding that delivering that impact will require tackling significant gender gaps in society and driving a national agenda for change that involves all stakeholders. About 70 per cent of the increase would come from raising India's female labour-force participation rate to 41 per cent in 2025, from 31 per cent at present. This would bring 68 million more women into the economy over this period.
"Bridging the gender gap will have a huge economic impact and could add Rs 46 lakh crore ($700 billion) to India’s GDP in 2025," it added. "India's share of women's contribution to GDP is at 17 per cent, much lower than the global average of 37 per cent, and the lowest among all 10 regions in the world analysed by MGI," McKinsey & Company India Director Rajat Gupta said.
Interestingly, 26 countries in McKinsey's dataset of 95 have a lower per capita GDP and human development index than India. However, many of these have higher levels of gender parity. "The Indian economy will obviously gain if we bridge the gender gap in the workplace, but this gap cannot be plugged if we do not consider gender equality in society and change our social attitudes and unconscious bias towards women," he said.
The report draws on a recent McKinsey Global Institute research on gender gap around the world. In its analysis for India, MGI has introduced a new score -- an India Female Empowerment Index, or Femdex -- to measure gender equality at the state level. The report found that a huge variation in gender equality among India's 32 states. The average Femdex score of the top five states closest to gender parity are Mizoram, Kerala, Meghalaya, Goa, and Sikkim in the decreasing order while the bottom five are Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh in the increasing order.
"While the top five states on Femdex account for a mere 4 per cent of India's female working-age population, the bottom 5 account for as much as 32 per cent. Focusing efforts here represents a large opportunity for improving India's national position on gender equality," Anu Madgavkar, a senior MGI fellow, said.
According to the report, in a full-potential scenario in which women play an identical role in labour markets as men, India would gain most with USD 2.9 trillion likely to be added to annual GDP in 2025, while globally, as much as USD 28 trillion, or 26 per cent, could be added to global annual GDP. As per McKinsey's 'best-in-region' scenario, in which all countries match the progress towards gender parity of the fastest-improving country in their region, the world could add USD 12 trillion to GDP in 2025. The research also highlighted the unequal sharing of household responsibilities between men and women.
Globally, women spend roughly three times the amount of time spent by men on unpaid work while in India, women perform 10 times the amount of unpaid care work than men. "If this unpaid work could be valued and compensated, it would contribute USD 0.3 trillion (Rs 20 lakh crore) to India's economic output," the report noted.
To bring more women into the non-farm labour force over the next decade, the report has identified some areas that need attention from India's policymakers, business and social sector leaders. These include closing gender gaps in secondary and tertiary education, lowering barriers to job creation, expanding skills training in key sectors, help women entrepreneurs, stepping up gender diversity policies in the private sector, strengthening legal provisions for women and the enforcement of laws and reshaping deep-rooted attitudes about the role of women in work and society.
