London: A large-scale international study has discovered 10 new genetic risk regions for the chronic inflammatory skin disease eczema.
Among the new candidate genes for eczema, the researchers came upon genes that are important for the innate immune system and for the development and function of T-cells which play an important role in specific immune responses.
With the newly identified risk regions, a total of 31 risk regions for eczema are now known, researchers said.
In a genome-wide association study over 15 million genetic variants across all chromosomes were examined for their role in eczema susceptibility.
The frequency of each variant was compared in almost 21,400 eczema patients and 95,000 healthy controls from Europe, Africa, Japan, and Latin America in the first part of the study.
An additional 260,000 participants were examined to confirm the results.
Geneticist and pediatrician Professor Young-Ae Lee from the Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Charite - Universitatsmediz in Berlin coordinated the study for Berlin.
Researchers estimate that genetic factors account for about two-thirds of the disease risk. Onset of eczema typically occurs within the first few years of life.
It usually presents in recurrent flares that are characterised by itchy, inflammatory skin lesions. Although eczema often improves or resolves with age, children with eczema carry a high risk of developing other allergic disorders such as fever and asthma in subsequent years.
The newly identified genetic regions show a strong correlation with known risk loci for asthma, allergies, and other chronic inflammatory diseases like Crohn's disease and psoriasis, as well as with autoimmune disorders.
The study also confirmed known hereditary risk factors that impair the barrier function of the skin.
Genes in these genetic locations play an important role in the detection and defense against microbes and in the development and activation of T-cells.
The study emphasises the importance of the immune system in the development and progression of eczema.
