London: In a blow to ozone-protection efforts, scientists have identified four new man-made gases in the atmosphere which are contributing to the destruction of the ozone layer.
Two of the newly discovered gases are accumulating at a rate that is causing concern among scientists. New research by scientists at the University of East Anglia, UK, shows that more than 74,000 tonnes of three new chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and one new hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) have been released into the atmosphere. "Our research has shown four gases that were not around in the atmosphere at all until the 1960s which suggests they are human-made," lead researcher Dr Johannes Laube from UEA's School of Environmental Sciences said. "The identification of these four new gases is very worrying as they will contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer," said Laube. Scientists made the discovery by comparing today's air samples with air trapped in polar firn snow - which provides a century-old natural archive of the atmosphere.
They also looked at air collected between 1978 and 2012 in unpolluted Tasmania. Measurements show that all four new gases have been released into the atmosphere recently - and that two are significantly accumulating.
Emission increases of this scale have not been seen for any other CFCs since controls were introduced during the 1990s, researchers said. But they are nowhere near peak CFC emissions of the 1980s which reached around a million tonnes a year, they said.
CFCs are the main cause of the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica. Laws to reduce and phase out CFCs came into force in 1989, followed by a total ban in 2010, said Laube. He said this has resulted in successfully reducing the production of many of these compounds on a global scale.
However, legislation loopholes still allow some usage for exempted purposes, said Laube. "We don't know where the new gases are being emitted from and this should be investigated. Possible sources include feedstock chemicals for insecticide production and solvents for cleaning electronic components. "What's more, the three CFCs are being destroyed very slowly in the atmosphere - so even if emissions were to stop immediately, they will still be around for many decades to come," he added.
The research was published in the journal Nature Geoscience.
